Nanoparticle foaming agents for major gas fields in China

XIONG Chunming,CAO Guangqiang,ZHANG Jianjun,LI Nan,XU Wenlong,WU Junwen,LI Jun,ZHANG Na

Table 4 Different types of characteristic auxiliaries needed by the six nano-particle foaming agent systems.

No. Foaming agent system Type of characteristic auxiliaries Chemical type of auxiliaries 1 High salinity-resistant system High salinity-resistant Non-ionic surfactant 2 High temperature-resistant and high CO2-resistant system CO2-resistant Lycine 3 High temperature-resistant, high CO2-resistant, and high H2S-resistant system CO2-resistant and H2S-resistant Lycine 4 High temperature-resistant, high salinity-resistant, high CO2-resistant, and high H2S-resistant system High salinity-resistant, CO2-resistant, and H2S-resistant Lycine + imidazoline surfactant 5 High temperature-resistant and high condensate-resistant system Condensate-resistant Fluorine-containing surfactant 6 High temperature-resistant, high salinity-resistant, and high condensate-resistant system High salinity-resistant and high condensate-resistant Poly-silicon + lycine + imidazoline surfactant