Real-time forward modeling and inversion of logging-while-drilling electromagnetic measurements in horizontal wells

WANG Lei,LIU Yingming,WANG Caizhi,FAN Yiren,WU Zhenguan

Table 1 Comparison of Sommerfeld integral method and the traditional FHT integral method (θ=89°).

Integral method Number of samples Time needed Error/10-3 FHT 61①, 47② 2.9 4.500 FHT 120①, 140② 6.1 0.230 FHT 801 15.2 0.010 GLQ 40 1.0 0.110 GLQ 100 2.6 0.008