Major biological events and fossil energy formation: On the development of energy science under the earth system framework

PAN Songqi,ZOU Caineng,LI Yong,JING Zhenhua,LIU Entao,YUAN Ming,ZHANG Guosheng,YANG Zhi,WU Songtao,QIU Zhen,LIU Hanlin

Table 1. Distribution of Phanerozoic black shale strata and shale oil & gas in major areas of China and the US.

Stratigraphic age Shale formation Basin Sedimentary facies Sedimentary environment Depth/m TOC/% Ro/% Thick-ness/m Kerogen type Geological resources Recoverable resources References Neogene Monterey Shale San Joaquin, Los Angeles Basins Marine Shallow-deep sea 2 400-4 300 0.8-17.4 <0.5 300-900 II Oil 20×108t [10] Paleogene The 2nd member of Kongdian Formation Bohaiwan Basin Lacustrine Semi-arid to humid environment, freshwater to semi-saline water closed depression lake basin 2 700-4 200 2.3-9.2 0.5-1.1 50-300 II1, II2 Oil 6.8×108t [11] Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation Songliao Basin Lacustrine Freshwater to semi-saline water lake basin 1 600-2 500 2.0-12.0 0.5-1.2 150 I, II Oil 10×108t Oil 15×108t [12-15] Qingshankou Formation Freshwater to brackish water lake basin 1 600-2 500 0.1-8.8 0.5-1.2 500 I, II1 Oil 20×108t Eagle Ford Shale Maverick Basin, East Texas Basin Marine Deep sea Average 2 100 2.0-12.0 0.5-1.4 Average 60 II Oil 1 200×108t Gas 8 700×108m3 Mancos Shale Uinta Basin Marine Littoral/Neritic About 4 600 1.0-3.0 0.8-2.1 Average 270 II, Ⅲ Gas 0.14×1012 m3 Niobrara/Pierre Shale Denver-Julesburg Marine Neritic 1 800-2 700 3.0 0.6-1.3 15-30 II Oil 0.43×108t Jurassic Haynesville-Bossier Shale East Texas and North Louisiana Salt Basin Marine Carbonate platform 3 200-4 100 0.5-4.0 1.8-6.0 60-90 II Gas 3.3×1012m3 Gas 1.3×1012m3 [12, 14, 16] Da'anzhai Member of the Jurassic Ziliujing Formation Sichuan Basin Lacustrine Freshwater lake basin 1 500-3 000 0.5-4.3 1.0-1.5 300 II2, Ⅲ Oil 8 118.38×104t Gas 145.92×108m3 Triassic Yanchang Formation7 Ordos Basin Lacustrine Freshwater lake basin 1 000-2 500 3.0-20.0 1.1-1.8 300 I, II Oil 41×108t Oil 3.7×108t [17] Permian Lucaogao Formation Zhungaer Basin Lacustrine Shore-shallow lake to semi-deep lake 2 300-4 300 5.0-16.1 0.6-1.1 100-250 II Oil 25.5×108t Oil 12.2×108t [10, 18-19] Wolfcamp Shale Permian Basin Marine Deep water 1 200-3 000 2.0-8.7 ★ 200-1 200 II, Ⅲ Oil 15×108t Gas 1.3×1012m3 Carboniferous Barnett Shale Fort Worth Basin Marine Shelf 2 000-2 500 4.5 0.6-1.6 30-180 II Gas 1.5×1012m3 Oil 0.03×108t Gas 0.5×1012m3 [10, 20-22] Fayetteville Shale Arkoma Basin Marine Slope 300-2 100 4.0-9.8 1.5-4.5 15-170 II, Ⅲ Gas 9.2×1012m3 Gas 0.9×1012m3 Bakken Shale Williston Basin Marine Shore-shallow sea 1 400-2 300 1.0-35.0 ★★ About 50 I, II Oil 7.8×108t Gas 0.3×1012m3 Devonian New Albany Shale Illinois Basin Marine Shelf—Slope 180-1 500 1.0-25.0 0.5-1.5 30-90 II Gas (2.4-4.5)× 1012m3 Gas 0.3×1012m3 [10, 12, 14, 23] Woodford Shale Arkoma Anadarko Marine Pelagic—Shelf 1 800-3 300 1.0-14.0 0.5-6.0 45-75 II Oil 0.8×108t Gas 0.6×1012m3 Antrim Shale Michigan Basin Marine Shelf 180-670 1.0-20.0 >1.0 20-36 I, II Gas (1.0-2.2)× 1012m3 Gas 0.6×1012m3 Chattanooga Shale Black Warrior Basin Marine Shelf—Neritic 900-1 200 2.4-12.7 ★★★ 25-60 II Gas 0.3×1012m3 Marcellus Shale Appalachian Basin Marine Neritic 1 200-2 600 1.0-20.0 0.5-3.5 15-60 II Gas 10×1012m3 Gas 3.8×1012m3 Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale Sichuan Basin Marine Deep-water shelf 2 000-4 500 0.3-6.2 2.0-2.3 200-400 I Gas (228.9- 237.9)×1012m3 Gas (6.39-8.32)× 1012 m3 [10,12] Ordovician Wufeng Formation Shale 0.4-9.6 2.3-3.8 II1 Utica Shale Appalachian Basin Marine Neritic 600-4 200 1.0-5.0 0.6-4.9 30-150 II Gas 22×1012m3 Gas 0.8×1012 m3 Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation Shale Sichuan Basin Marine Shallow water shelf—Deep-water shelf 1.0-6.0 100-200 I Gas (179.5- 195.1)×1012 m3 Gas (5.4-5.9)×1012 m3 [10,24]