Major biological events and fossil energy formation: On the development of energy science under the earth system framework

PAN Songqi,ZOU Caineng,LI Yong,JING Zhenhua,LIU Entao,YUAN Ming,ZHANG Guosheng,YANG Zhi,WU Songtao,QIU Zhen,LIU Hanlin

Fig. 1. Paleoecological changes, major biological and geological events, and petroleum resources distribution since Phanerozoic (modified from references [48????????-57]; numbers in brackets represent the time from past to now). Volcanism: 1—North Atlantic (59-62 Ma); 2—Deccan (65-66 Ma); 3—Ontong Java II (90 Ma); 4—Madagascar (86-90 Ma); 5—Caribbean (89-90 Ma); 6—Rajmahal-Keguelen (109-119 Ma); 7—Ontong Java I (122 Ma); 8—Parana-Etendeka (132-134 Ma); 9—Karoo-Ferrar (182-184 Ma); 10—Central Atlantic (200-202 Ma); 11—Siberian (249-251 Ma); 12—Emeishan (258-260 Ma); 13—Viluy (350-377 Ma); 14—Antrim Plateau, Australia (507-513 Ma).