Orignal Article

Geologic features and genesis of the barriers and intercalations in carbonates: A case study of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, West Qurna oil field, Iraq

  • DENG Ya ,
  • GUO Rui ,
  • TIAN Zhongyuan ,
  • TAN Wenhao ,
  • YI Yingjie ,
  • XU Zhenyong ,
  • XIAO Cong ,
  • CAO Xunchen ,
  • CHEN Liang
Expand
  • 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;
    3. Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China;
    4. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Corporation, Beijing 100724, China

Abstract

The type, poroperm relationship, log response characteristics and identification criteria of the barriers and intercalations in the carbonates of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the West Qurna oil field of Iraq are studied through comprehensive analysis of cores, thin sections and well logs. The genesis and distribution of the barriers and intercalations are analyzed from the perspectives of sequence stratigraphy, depositional facies and diagenesis. The barriers and intercalations can be classified into three types: grainstone, packstone and wackestone. The barriers and intercalations generally exist in restricted platform facies and evaporative platform facies, some in open platform. They are common in transgressive cycles and early regressive cycles, forming continuously, extensive barriers and intercalations near the sequence boundaries. Penecontemporaneous cementation, burial compaction, and burial cementation led to the decrease of the porosity, damaged the space of the reservoir pores and became the important factors for the genesis of the barriers and intercalations. In the epidiagenetic phase, a large number of CaCO3 precipitated in the phreatic water zone below free-water table, leading to the formation of packstone and grainstone barriers and intercalations in a large scale. Through comprehensive log analysis, log identification criteria and the distribution of the barriers and intercalations are determined. The barriers are mainly distributed in the sections of CRI and CRII, and the intercalations are concentrated in the section of mB1. For different types of barriers and intercalations, packstones are the most in quantity, followed by grainstones and wackestones.

Cite this article

DENG Ya , GUO Rui , TIAN Zhongyuan , TAN Wenhao , YI Yingjie , XU Zhenyong , XIAO Cong , CAO Xunchen , CHEN Liang . Geologic features and genesis of the barriers and intercalations in carbonates: A case study of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, West Qurna oil field, Iraq[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016 , 43(1) : 136 -144 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2016.01.18

References

[1] 刘佳, 程林松. 底水油藏中隔夹层对水平井开发影响研究[J]. 地质科学, 2013, 13(32): 9662-9666.
LIU Jia, CHENG Linsong. The impact of interlayer to horizontal wells production in bottom water reservoir[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2013, 13(32): 9662-9666.
[2] 岳大力, 吴胜和, 林承焰, 等. 礁灰岩油藏隔夹层控制的剩余油分布规律研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2005, 32(04): 113-118.
YUE Dali, WU Shenghe, LIN Chengyan, et al. Remaining oil distribution controlled by intercalation in reef limestone reservoir[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32(04): 113-118.
[3] 韩如冰, 刘强, 江同文, 等. 钙质隔夹层特征、成因及分布: 以塔里木盆地哈得油田东河砂岩为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2014, 41(4): 428-437.
HAN Rubing, LIU Qiang, JIANG Tongwen, et al. Feature, origin and distribution of calcareous interlayers: A case of Carboniferous Donghe sandstone in Hade oil field, Tarim Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(4): 428-437.
[4] 印森林, 吴胜和, 冯文杰, 等. 冲积扇储集层内部隔夹层样式: 以克拉玛依油田一中区克下组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2013, 40(6): 757-763.
YIN Senlin, WU Shenghe, FENG Wenjie, et al. Patterns of inter- layers in the alluvial fan reservoirs: A case study on Triassic Lower Karamay Formation, Yizhong Area, Karamay Oilfield, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(6): 757-763.
[5] 吕晓光, 马福, 田东辉. 隔层岩性、物性及分布特征研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 1994, 21(05): 80-87.
LYU Xiaoguang, MA Fu, TIAN Donghui. Study of the genesis, properties and distribution of the interlayer[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1994, 21(05): 80-87.
[6] 焦养泉, 李祯. 河道储层砂体中隔挡层的成因与分布规律[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 1995, 22(4): 78-81.
JIAO Yangquan, LI Zhen. The genesis and distribution of the insulating layer in the sandstone of the fluvial channel[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1995, 22(4): 78-81.
[7] 李顺明, 宋新民, 蒋有伟, 等. 高尚堡油田砂质辫状河储集层构型与剩余油分布[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2011, 38(4): 474-482.
LI Shunming, SONG Xinmin, JIANG Youwei, et al. Architecture and remaining oil distribution of the sandy braided river reservoir in the Gaoshangpu Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(4): 474-482.
[8] 吴胜和. 储层表征与建模[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2010.
WU Shenghe. Reservoir characterization and modeling[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2010.
[9] 朱东亚, 胡文瑄, 曹学伟, 等. 临南油田隔层类型划分及其分布规律研究[J]. 地球科学, 2004, 29(2): 211-218.
ZHU Dongya, HU Wenxuan, CAO Xuewei, et al. Classification and distribution of insulating layers in Linnan Oilfield[J]. Earth Science, 2004, 29(2): 211-218.
[10] HOLLAND K T, ELMORE P A. A review of heterogeneous sediments in coastal environments[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2008, 89(3/4): 116-134.
[11] MOUTAZ A D, JASSIM A J, SAAD A J. Depositional environments and porosity distribution in regressive limestone reservoirs of the Mishrif Formation, Southern Iraq[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2010, 3(1): 67-78.
[12] MAHDI T A, AQRAWI A A M. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the mid-Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, Southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2014, 37(3): 287-312.
[13] HAQ B, AL-QAHTANI A. Phanerozoic cycles of sea-level change on the Arabian Platform[J]. Geoarabia, 2005, 10(2): 127-160.
[14] AWADEESIAN A M R, AL-JAWED S N A, SALEH A H. Reservoir-scale sequence stratigraphy of Mishrif carbonates and implication to water injection strategy North Rumaila field case[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2015, 8(9): 1-16.
[15] SIMMONS M D, SHARLAND P R, CASEY D M, et al. Arabian Plate sequence stratigraphy: potential implications for global chronostratigraphy[J]. Geoarabia, 2007, 12(4): 101-130.
[16] 高计县, 田昌炳, 张为民, 等. 伊拉克鲁迈拉油田Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及成因[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(5): 843-852.
GAO Jixian, TIAN Changbing, ZHANG Weimin, et al. Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoir of the Mishrif Formation and Rumaila oil field, Iraq[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(5): 843-852.
[17] LUCIA F J. Carbonate Reservoir Characterization[M]. Berlin: Springer, 2007.
[18] SALMAN M S, SAMEER B. Rock typing: An integrated reservoir characterization tool to construct a robust geological model in Abu Dhabi Carbonate oil field[R]. SPE 12549, 2009.
[19] 郭峰. 碳酸盐岩沉积学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2011.
GUO Feng. Carbonate sedimentology[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2011.
[20] AQRAWI A A M, THEHNI G A, SHERWANI G H, et al. Mid-Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Mishrif Formation: An important reservoir sequence in the Mesopotamian Basin[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1998, 21(1): 57-82.
[21] 谢寅符, 李洪奇. 准噶尔盆地钙质夹层成因及层序地层学意义[J]. 石油学报, 2005, 26(5): 23-27.
XIE Yinfu, LI Hongqi. Origin of calcareous interbeds and its significance of sequence stratigraphy in Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2005, 26(5): 23-27.
[22] 朱筱敏. 沉积岩石学[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2008.
ZHU Xiaomin. Sedimentary petrology[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2008.
[23] 孙致学, 孙治雷, 鲁洪江, 等. 砂岩储集层中碳酸盐胶结物特征: 以鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2010, 37(5): 543-551.
SUN Zhixue, SUN Zhilei, LU Hongjiang, et al. Characteristics of carbonate cements in sandstone reservoirs: A case from Yanchang Formation, middle and southern Ordos Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2010, 37(5): 543-551.
[24] 姚根顺, 沈安江, 潘文庆, 等. 碳酸盐岩储层[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2008.
YAO Genshun, SHEN Anjiang, PAN Wenqing, et al. Carbonate reservoir[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2008.
[25] 贾建亮, 刘招君, 陈永成, 等. 测井-地震多属性密度曲线重构反演技术及运用[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2010, 40(3): 699-706.
JIA Jianliang, LIU Zhaojun, CHEN Yongcheng, et al. The technique of Log-Seismic multi-attributes density curves reconstruct inversion and its application[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2010, 40(3): 699-706.
[26] 王健, 徐守余, 仲维苹. 河流相储层隔夹层成因及其分布特征[J]. 地质科技情报, 2010, 29(4): 84-89.
WANG Jian, XU Shouyu, ZHONG Weiping. Genesis and distribution of the interlayer in fluvial reservoir[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2010, 29(4): 84-89.
Outlines

/