Diagenesis-porosity evolution and &#x0201c;sweet spot&#x0201d; distribution of low permeability reservoirs: A case study from Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag, Pear River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea

YOU Li; XU Shouli; LI Cai; ZHANG Yingzhao; ZHAO Zhanjie; ZHU Peiyuan

doi:10.11698/PED.2018.02.06

2018 , Vol. 45 >Issue 2: 235 - 246

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2018.02.06

PETROLEUM EXPLORATION

Diagenesis-porosity evolution and “sweet spot” distribution of low permeability reservoirs: A case study from Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag, Pear River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea

YOU Li ,
XU Shouli ,
LI Cai ,
ZHANG Yingzhao ,
ZHAO Zhanjie ,
ZHU Peiyuan

Expand

1. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China;
2. CNOOC China Ltd., Zhanjiang 524057, China

Received date: 2017-06-30

Revised date: 2018-02-27

Online published: 2018-03-07

Fold

Abstract

The characteristics of low permeability reservoirs and distribution of sweet spots in the Oligocene Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang A sag, Pearl River Basin were investigated by core observation and thin section analysis. The study results show that there develop the fine, medium and coarse sandstone reservoirs of tidal flat - fan delta facies, which are of mostly low permeability and locally medium permeability. There are two kinds of pore evolution patterns: oil charging first and densification later, the reservoirs featuring this pattern are mainly in the third member of Zhuhai Formation between the south fault zone and the sixth fault zone, and the pattern of densification first and gas charging later is widespread across the study area. Strong compaction and local calcium cementation are the key factors causing low permeability of the reservoirs in the Zhuhai Formation. Thick and coarse grain sand sedimentary body is the precondition to form “sweet spot” reservoirs. Weak compaction and cementation, dissolution, early hydrocarbon filling and authigenic chlorite coating are the main factors controlling formation of “sweet spot” reservoir. It is predicted that there develop between the south fault and sixth fault zones the ClassⅠ“sweet spot” in medium compaction zone, ClassⅡ “sweet spot” in nearly strong compaction zone, Class Ⅲ “sweet spot” reservoir in the nearly strong to strong compaction zone with oil charging at early stage, and Class Ⅳ “sweet spot” reservoir in the strong compaction and authigenic chlorite coating protection zone in the sixth fault zone.

Key words： low permeability reservoir; pore evolution; hydrocarbon charging; “sweet spot”; distribution;; Zhuhai Formation; Oligocene; Wenchang A sag; northern South China Sea

Cite this article

YOU Li , XU Shouli , LI Cai , ZHANG Yingzhao , ZHAO Zhanjie , ZHU Peiyuan . Diagenesis-porosity evolution and “sweet spot” distribution of low permeability reservoirs: A case study from Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in Wenchang A sag, Pear River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018 , 45(2) : 235 -246 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2018.02.06

References

[1] 孙海涛, 李超, 钟大康, 等. 渤中25-1油田沙三段低渗储层特征及其成因[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2014, 26(3): 11-16.
SUN Haitao, LI Chao, ZHONG Dakang, et al.Characteristics and origin of low permeability reservoir of the third member of Shahejie Formation in Bozhong 25-1 Oilfield[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2014, 26(3): 11-16.
[2] 邹才能, 陶士振, 张响响, 等. 中国低孔渗大气区地质特征、控制因素和成藏机制[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2009, 39(11): 1607-1624.
ZOU Caineng, TAO Shizhen, ZHANG Xiangxiang, et al.Geologic characteristics, controlling factors and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of China’s large gas provinces of low porosity and permeability[J]. SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, 2009, 52(8): 1068-1090.
[3] 蒋凌志, 顾家裕, 郭彬程. 中国含油气盆地碎屑岩低渗透储层的特征及形成机理[J]. 沉积学报, 2004, 22(1): 13-18.
JIANG Lingzhi, GU Jiayu, GUO Bincheng.Characteristics and mechanism of low permeability clastic reservoir in Chinese petroliferous basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2004, 22(1): 13-18.
[4] 张纪智, 陈世加, 肖艳, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区长8致密砂岩储层特征及其成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2013, 34(5): 679-684.
ZHANG Jizhi, CHEN Shijia, XIAO Yan, et al.Characteristics of the Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoirs and their genesis in Huaqing area, Ordos Basin[J]. Oil and Gas Geology, 2013, 34(5): 679-684.
[5] 杨升宇, 张金川, 黄卫东, 等. 吐哈盆地柯柯亚地区致密砂岩气储层“甜点”类型及成因[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(2): 272-282.
YANG Shengyu, ZHANG Jinchuan, HUANG Weidong, et al.“Sweet spot” types of reservoirs and genesis of tight sandstone gas in Kekeya Area, Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(2): 272-282.
[6] 兰朝利, 何顺利, 张君峰, 等. 苏里格气田储层“甜点”控制因素探讨[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 22(1): 45-48.
LAN Chaoli, HE Shunli, ZHANG Junfeng, et al.Discussion on the factors of controlling the distribution of the reservoir “sweet spots” of Sulige Gasfield[J]. Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 22(1): 45-48.
[7] 邱振, 施振生, 董大忠, 等. 致密油源储特征与聚集机理: 以准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(6): 928-939.
QIU Zhen, SHI Zhensheng, DONG Dazhong, et al.Geological characteristics of source rock and reservoir of tight oil and its accumulation mechanism: A case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(6): 928-939.
[8] 操应长, 远光辉, 王艳忠, 等. 准噶尔盆地北三台地区清水河组低渗透储层成因机制[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(5): 758-771.
CAO Yingchang, YUAN Guanghui, WANG Yanzhong, et al.Genetic mechanisms of low permeability reservoirs of Qingshuihe Formation in Beisantai area, Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(5): 758-771.
[9] 葸克来, 操应长, 王艳忠, 等. 低渗透储集层成岩作用与孔渗演化: 以准噶尔盆地中部1区侏罗系三工河组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2015, 42(4): 434-443.
XI Kelai, CAO Yingchang, WANG Yanzhong, et al.Diagenesis and porosity-permeability evolution of low permeability reservoirs: A case study of Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Block 1, central Junggar Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(4): 434-443.
[10] 张迎朝, 徐新德, 尤丽, 等. 珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷低渗凝析气藏天然气成因及成藏模式[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2014, 25(9): 1320-1327.
ZHANG Yingzhao, XU Xinde, YOU Li, et al.Genesis of the natural gas in tight condensate gas reservoirs and forming model, Wenchang A Sag of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014, 25(9): 1320-1327.
[11] 尤丽, 张迎朝, 李才, 等. 文昌10区珠海组低渗储层“甜点”控制因素[J]. 东北石油大学学报, 2014, 38(3): 18-24.
YOU Li, ZHANG Yingzhao, LI Cai, et al.Factors of controlling the distribution of the low permeability reservoir “sweet spots” from Zhuhai Formation of Wenchang 10 Area[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2014, 38(3): 18-24.
[12] 尤丽, 张迎朝, 李才, 等. 基于沉积成岩-储集相分析确定文昌9区低渗储层“甜点”分布[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2014, 44(5): 1432-1440.
YOU Li, ZHANG Yingzhao, LI Cai, et al.Based on analysis of sedimentary-diagenetic reservoir facies to determine “sweet spots” distribution in low permeability from Wenchang 9 Area[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(5): 1432-1440.
[13] 李珊珊, 彭松, 邓勇, 等. 珠江口盆地西部文昌H区晚渐新世-早中新世早期沉积相及储层展布规律[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(5): 103-110.
LI Shanshan, PENG Song, DENG Yong, et al.Upper Oligogene to Early Lower Miogene sedimentary facies and reservoir distribution pattern in Wenchang H Zone in the Western Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(5): 103-110.
[14] HOUSEKNECHT D W.Assessing the importance of compaction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sandstones[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1987, 71(6): 633-642.
[15] 陆江, 周刚, 郑榕芬, 等. 珠江口盆地文昌A凹陷中深层原油来源及成藏特征[J]. 中国海上油气, 2016, 28(1): 20-28.
LU Jiang, ZHOU Gang, ZHENG Rongfen, et al.Oil origin and accumulation characteristics in middle-deep strata of Wenchang A Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2016, 28(1): 20-28.
[16] 甘军, 张迎朝, 邓志勇, 等. 文昌A凹陷古近系低渗凝析气藏成藏特征与成藏模式[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2012, 23(6): 1060-1069.
GAN Jun, ZHANG Yingzhao, DENG Zhiyong, et al.Reservoir-forming characteristic and model of the Palaeogene condensate gas reservoir with low permeability in Wenchang A Sag[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2012, 23(6): 1060-1069.
[17] 张响响, 邹才能, 朱如凯, 等. 川中地区上三叠统须家河组储层成岩相[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(2): 257-264.
ZHANG Xiangxiang, ZOU Caineng, ZHU Rukai, et al.Reservoir diagenetic facies of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(2): 257-264.
[18] STORVOLL V, BJØRLYKKE K, KARLSEN D, et al. Porosity preservation in reservoir sandstones due to grain-coating illite: A study of the Jurassic Garn Formation from the Kristin and Lavrans Fields, Offshore Mid-Norway[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2002, 19(6): 767-781.
[19] AJDUKIEWICZ J M, LARESE R E.How clay grain coats inhibit quartz cement and preserve porosity in deeply buried sandstones: Observations and experiments[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2012, 96(11): 2091-2119.
[20] 孙全力, 孙晗森, 贾趵, 等. 川西须家河组致密砂岩储层绿泥石成因及其与优质储层关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2012, 33(5): 751-757.
SUN Quanli, SUN Hansen, JIA Bao, et al.Genesis of chlorites and its relationship with high-quality reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation tight sandstones, western Sichuan Depression[J]. Oil and Gas Geology, 2012, 33(5): 751-757.
[21] 谢武仁, 杨威, 赵杏媛, 等. 川中地区须家河组绿泥石对储集层物性的影响[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2010, 37(6): 674-679.
XIE Wuren, YANG Wei, ZHAO Xingyuan, et al.Influences of chlorite on reservoir physical properties of the Xujiahe Formation in the central part of Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2010, 37(6): 674-679.
[22] 刘金库, 彭军, 刘建军, 等. 绿泥石环边胶结物对致密砂岩孔隙的保存机制: 以川中—川南过渡带包界地区须家河组储层为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2009, 30(1): 53-58.
LIU Jinku, PENG Jun, LIU Jianjun, et al.Pore-preserving mechanism of chlorite rims in tight sandstone: An example from the T₃x Formation of Baojie area in the transitional zone from the central to southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil and Gas Geology, 2009, 30(1): 53-58.
[23] SURDAM R C, CROSSEY L J, HAGEN E S, et al.Organic-inorganic interactions and sandstone diagenesis[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1989, 73(1): 1-23.
[24] 肖军, 王华, 袁立川, 等. 深埋藏砂岩储层中异常孔隙的保存机制探讨[J]. 地质科技情报, 2007, 26(5): 49-56.
XIAO Jun, WANG Hua, YUAN Lichuan, et al.Preservation mechanisms of abnormal porosity in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2007, 26(5): 49-56.
[25] AASE N E, WALDERHAUG O.The effect of hydrocarbons on quartz cementation: Diagenesis in the Upper Jurassic sandstones of the Miller field, North Sea, revisited[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 2005, 11(3): 215-223.
[26] AJDUKIEWICZ J M, NICHOLSON P H, ESCH W L.Prediction of deep reservoir quality using early diagenetic process models in the Jurassic Norphlet Formation, Gulf of Mexico[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2010, 94(8): 1189-1227.
[27] BLOCH S, ROBERT H L, BONNELL L.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs: Origin and predictability[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86(2): 301-328.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References