During deep water oil well testing, the low temperature environment is easy to cause wax precipitation, which affects the normal operation of the test and increases operating costs and risks. Therefore, a numerical method for predicting the wax precipitation region in oil strings was proposed based on the temperature and pressure fields of deep water test string and the wax precipitation calculation model. And the factors affecting the wax precipitation region were analyzed. The results show that: the wax precipitation region decreases with the increase of production rate, and increases with the decrease of geothermal gradient, increase of water depth and drop of water-cut of produced fluid, and increases slightly with the increase of formation pressure. Due to the effect of temperature and pressure fields, wax precipitation region is large in test strings at the beginning of well production. Wax precipitation region gradually increases with the increase of shut-in time. These conclusions can guide wax prevention during the testing of deep water oil well, to ensure the success of the test.
GAO Yonghai
,
LIU Kai
,
ZHAO Xinxin
,
LI Hao
,
CUI Yanchun
,
XIN Guizhen
,
SUN Baojiang
. Prediction of wax precipitation region in wellbore during deep water oil well testing[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018
, 45(2)
: 333
-338
.
DOI: 10.11698/PED.2018.02.17
[1] 门相勇, 闫霞, 陈永昌, 等. 煤层气井气水两相流分层测试技术[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2017, 44(2): 289-294.
MEN Xiangyong, YAN Xia, CHEN Yongchang, et al.Gas-water phase flow production stratified logging technology of coalbed methane wells[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2017, 44(2): 289-294.
[2] MOGBO O.Deepwater DST design, planning and operations: Offshore Niger Delta experience[R]. SPE 133772, 2010.
[3] BANKI R, HOTEIT H, FIROOZABADI A.Mathematical formulation and numerical modeling of wax deposition in pipelines from enthalpy- porosity approach and irreversible thermodynamics[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2008, 51(13): 3387-3398.
[4] RIBEIRO F S, MENDES P R S, BRAGA S L. Obstruction of pipelines due to paraffin deposition during the flow of crude oils[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 1997, 40(18): 4319-4328.
[5] KELECHUKWU E M, AL-SALIM H S, SAADI A. Prediction of wax deposition problems of hydrocarbon production system[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 2013, 108: 128-136.
[6] DUAN J, WANG W, DENG D, et al.Predicting temperature distribution in the waxy oil-gas pipe flow[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 2013, 101: 28-34.
[7] 梅海燕, 孔祥言, 张茂林, 等. 预测石蜡沉积的热力学模型[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2000, 27(1): 84-86.
MEI Haiyan, KONG Xiangyan, ZHANG Maolin, et al.A thermodynamic model for the prediction of paraffin deposition[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2000, 27(1): 84-86.
[8] WON K W.Continuous thermodynamics for solid-liquid equilibria: Wax formation from heavy hydrocarbon mixtures[C]//Proceedings of AIChE Spring National Meeting. Houston, Texas: American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1985: 24-28.
[9] PEDERSEN K S, SKOVBORG P, RONNINGSEN H P.Wax precipitation from North Sea crude oils. 4. Thermodynamic modeling[J]. Energy and Fuels, 1991, 5(6): 924-932.
[10] ERICKSON D D, NIESEN V G, BROWN T S.Thermodynamic measurement and prediction of paraffin precipitation in crude oil[R]. SPE 26604, 1993.
[11] THOMAS F B, BENNION D B, HUNTER B E.Experimental and theoretical studies of solids precipitation from reservoir fluid[J]. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 1992, 31(1): 22-31.
[12] HANSEN J H, FREDENSLUND A, PEDERSEN K S, et al.A thermodynamic model for predicting wax formation in crude oils[J]. AIChE Journal, 1988, 34(12): 1937-1942.
[13] ZHOU X, THOMAS F B, MOORE R G.Modelling of solid precipitation from reservoir fluid[J]. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 1996, 35(10): 37-45.
[14] PAULY J, DAUPHIN C, DARIDON J L.Liquid-solid equilibria in a decane+multi-paraffins system[J]. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1998, 149(1/2): 191-207.
[15] COUTINHO J A P, RUFFIER-MÉRAY V. Experimental measurements and thermodynamic modeling of paraffinic wax formation in undercooled solutions[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1997, 36(11): 4977-4983.
[16] PEDERSEN K S.Prediction of cloud point temperatures and amount of wax precipitation[J]. SPE Production & Facilities, 1995, 10(10): 46-49.
[17] HANSEN A B, LARSEN E, PEDERSEN W B, et al.Wax precipitation from North Sea crude oils. 3. Precipitation and dissolution of wax studied by differential scanning calorimetry[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2012, 5(6): 914-923.
[18] LIRA-GALEANA C, FIROOZABADI A, PRAUSNITZ J M.Thermodynamics of wax precipitation in petroleum mixture[J]. AIChE Journal, 1996, 42(1): 239-248.
[19] PAN H, FIROOZABADI A, FOTLAND P.Pressure and composition effect on wax precipitation: Experimental data and model results[J]. SPE Production & Facilities, 1997, 12(4): 250-258.
[20] LEONTARITIS K J.PARA-based (Paraffin-Aromatic-Resin-Asphaltene) reservoir oil characterizations[R]. SPE 37252-MS, 1997.
[21] LEELAVANICHKUL P, DEO M D, HANSON F V.Crude oil characterization and regular solution approach to thermodynamic modeling of solid precipitation at low pressure[J]. Petroleum Science & Technology, 2004, 22(7/8): 973-990.
[22] MATZAIN A.Multiphase flow wax deposition modeling[D]. Tulsa: University of Tulsa, 1999.
[23] 张宇. 多相流动体系中蜡沉积规律研究[D]. 北京: 中国石油大学(北京), 2011.
ZHANG Yu.Study on wax deposition in multiphase flow[D]. Beijing: China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 2011.
[24] DUAN J, LIU H, JIANG J, et al.Numerical prediction of wax deposition in oil-gas stratified pipe flow[J]. International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer, 2017, 105: 279-289.
[25] 陈德春, 刘均荣, 吴晓东, 等. 含蜡原油井筒结蜡剖面的预测模型[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版), 1999, 23(4): 36-38.
CHEN Dechun, LIU Junrong, WU Xiaodong, et al.Models for predicting paraffin deposition profile in waxy oil wellbore[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China (Edition of Natural Science), 1999, 23(4): 36-38.
[26] SINGH P, WALKER J A, LEE H S, et al.An application of vacuum insulation tubing for wax control in an arctic environment[J]. SPE Drilling & Completion, 2007, 22(2): 127-136.
[27] 高永海. 深水油气钻探井筒多相流动与井控的研究[D]. 东营: 中国石油大学(华东), 2007.
GAO Yonghai.Study on multi-phase flow in wellbore and well control in deep water drilling[D]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum, 2007.
[28] 孙宝江. 石油天然气工程多相流动[M]. 东营: 中国石油大学出版社, 2013.
SUN Baojiang.Multiphase flow in oil and gas engineering[M]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum Press, 2013.
[29] BENDIKSEN K, MAINES D, MOE R, et al.The dynamic two-fluid model OLGA: Theory and application[J]. SPE Production Engineering, 1991, 6(6): 171-180.
[30] RØNNINGSEN H P, SØMME B, PEDERSEN K S. An improved thermodynamic model for wax precipitation: Experimental foundation and application[C]//Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Multiphase '97. Cannes, France: Mechanical Engineering Publications, 1997.