Petroleum Exploration and Development >

2020 , Vol. 47 >Issue 4: 762 - 772

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(20)60091-X

Sedimentary and reservoir architectures of MB1-2 sub-member of Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of Halfaya Oilfield in Iraq

  • Wenju SUN ,
  • Zhanfeng QIAO ,
  • Guanming SHAO ,
  • Xiaowei SUN ,
  • Jixian GAO ,
  • Peng CAO ,
  • Jie ZHANG ,
  • Wangang CHEN
Expand
  • 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
    2. China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China
    3. PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Hangzhou 310023, China
    4. CNPC Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir, Hangzhou 310023, China

Received date: 2019-10-13

  Revised date: 2020-04-01

  Online published: 2020-08-28

Supported by

Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05004-002)

Fold

Abstract

Based on comprehensive analysis of core, cast thin section, logging and seismic data, the sedimentary and reservoir architectures of the MB1-2 sub-member of Mishrif Formation in Halfaya Oilfield, Iraq, are studied. The MB1-2 sub-member of Mishrif Formation has three types of microfacies, lagoon, bioclastic shoal, and tidal channel, and facies architecture controlled by sequence stratigraphy. In the 4 th-order sequence, the lagoon facies aggradated vertically, and the bioclastic shoals in lenticular shape embed in the background of lagoon, the end of the sequence is incised by the "meandering river" shape tide channel, which represents the depositional discontinuity. Three types of reservoirs including tidal channel grainstone to packstone reservoirs, bioclastic shoal grainstone to packstone reservoirs and dissolved lagoon wackestone reservoirs are developed. The reservoir architectures within tidal channel and bioclastic shoal are strickly controlled by grainy facies, whereas the dissolved lagoon reservoirs controlled by both facies and dissolution are related to the sequence boundary. The reservoir sections occur mainly in the 4th sequence highstand systems tract (HST) and are separated by barriers formed in the transgressive systems tract (TST). Complicated facies architecture and dissolution modification resulted in strong heterogeneity within the reservoir, which showed the characteristics of "attic type" architecture. The results of this study can guide the development of similar reservoirs in the Middle East.

Key words： Iraq; Halfaya Oilfield; Cretaceous; Mishrif Formation; sedimentary microfacies; reservoir architecture

Cite this article

Wenju SUN , Zhanfeng QIAO , Guanming SHAO , Xiaowei SUN , Jixian GAO , Peng CAO , Jie ZHANG , Wangang CHEN . Sedimentary and reservoir architectures of MB1-2 sub-member of Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation of Halfaya Oilfield in Iraq[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020 , 47(4) : 762 -772 . DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(20)60091-X

References

[1] EHRENBERG S N, AQRAWI A A, NADEAU P H . An overview of reservoir quality in producing Cretaceous strata of the Middle East. Petroleum Geoscience, 2008,14:307-318.
[2] AQRAWI A A . Paleozoic stratigraphy and petroleum systems of the western and southwestern deserts of Iraq. GeoArabia, 1998,3:229-248.
[3] ALSHARHAN A S, NAIRN A E . A review of the Cretaceous formations in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf: Mid Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeography. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1988,11:89-112.
[4] MAHDI T A, AQRAWI A A . Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the mid Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2014,37:287-312.
[5] SADOONI F N . The nature and origin of Upper Cretaceous basin margin rudist buildups of the Mesopotamian Basin, southern Iraq, with consideration of possible hydrocarbon stratigraphic entrapment. Cretaceous Research, 2005,26:213-224.
[6] GAO Jixian, TIAN Changbing, ZHANG Weimin , et al. Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoir of the Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field, Iraq. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013,34(5):843-852.
[7] TIAN Zepu, LIU Bo, GAO Jixian . Diagenesis of bioclastic carbonates of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the Rumaila oil field, Iraq. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2016,40(1):41-50.
[8] ZHOU Wen, GUO Rui, FU Meiyan , et al. Characteristics and origin of Cretaceous limestone reservoir with bio-moldic pore and ntrafossil pore, in Ahdeb oilfield, Iraq. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014,30(3):813-821.
[9] WANG Jun, GUO Rui, ZHAO Limin , et al. Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors: A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, Halfaya Oilfield, Iraq. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(3):367-377.
[10] DENG Hucheng, ZHOU Wen, GUO Rui , et al. Pore structure characteristics and control factors of carbonate reservoirs: The middle-lower Cretaceous formation, AI Hardy cloth Oilfield, Iraq. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2014,30(3):801-812.
[11] HAN Haiying, MU Longxin, GUO Rui , et al. Characteristics and controlling factors of Cretaceous bioclastic limestone reservoirs in Ahdeb oil field, Iraq. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2014,19(2):54-63.
[12] YU Yichang, SUN Longde, SONG Xinmin , et al. Sedimentary diagenesis of rudist shoal and its control on reservoirs: A case study of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, H Oilfield, Iraq. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(6):1007-1019.
[13] ZHAO Limin, ZHOU Wen, ZHONG Yuan , et al. Control factors of reservoir oil-bearing difference of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the H oilfield, Iraq. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019,46(2):302-311.
[14] ZHANG Yikai, KANG An, MIN Xiaogang , et al. Characteristics and genesis of carbonate reservoirs in the Mishrif MB12 member in the Missan oil fields, Iraq. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2016,38(3):360-365.
[15] FU Meiyan, ZHAO Limin, DUAN Tianxiang , et al. Reservoir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of Mishrif Formation in HF oil field of Iraq. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2016,40(5):1-9.
[16] ZHONG Y, TAN X C, ZHAO L M , et al. Identification of facies-controlled eogenetic karstification in the Upper Cretaceous of the Halfaya Oilfield and its impact on reservoir capacity. Geological Journal, 2019,54:450-465.
[17] ZHONG Y, ZHOU L, TAN X C , et al. Characteristics of depositional environment and evolution of Upper Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, Halfaya Oil field, Iraq based on sedimentary microfacies analysis. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2018,140:151-168.
[18] MIALL A D . Architectural-element analysis: A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits. Earth Science Reviews, 1985,22:261-308.
[19] WU Shenghe. Reservoir characterization and modeling. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2010.
[20] WU Shenghe, ZHAI Rui, LI Yupeng . Subsurface reservoir architecture characterization: Current status and prospects. Earth Science Frontiers, 2012,19(2):15-23.
[21] ZHU Weihong, WU Shenghe, YIN Zhijun , et al. Braided river delta outcrop architecture: A case study of Triassic Huangshanjie Formation in Kuche Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016,43(3):482-489.
[22] QIAO Z F, JANSON X, SHEN A J , et al. Lithofacies, architecture, and reservoir heterogeneity of tidal-dominated platform marginal oolitic shoal: An analogue of oolitic reservoirs of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation, Sichuan Basin, SW China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016,76:290-309.
[23] QIAO Z F, SHEN A J, ZHENG J F , et al. Digitized outcrop geomodeling of Ramp Shoals and its reservoirs: As an example of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of eastern Sichuan Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2017,91(4):1395-1412.
[24] QIAO Zhanfeng, SHEN Anjiang, ZHENG Jianfeng , et al. Three-dimensional carbonate reservoir geomodeling based on the digital outcrop model. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015,42(3):328-337.
[25] AQRAWI A A, GOFF C, HORBURY A D , et al. The petroleum geology of Iraq. Bucks: Scientific Press, 2010.
[26] Al-QAYIM B . Sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Turonian-Coniacian khasib formation in central Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2010,33:387-403.
[27] BUDAT T, JASSIM S Z . The regional geology of Iraq. Baghdad: Publication of the Geological Survey of Iraq, 1987.
[28] DUNNINGTON H V . Generation, migration, accumulation, and dissipation of oil in Northern Iraq. GeoArabia, 2005,10(2):39-84.
[29] OWEN R M, NAER S N . Stratigraphy of the Kuwait Basrah area: WEEKS L G. SP18: Habitat of oil. Tulsa: AAPG, 1958: 1252-1278.
[30] ALSHARHAN A S . Facies variation, diagenesis and exploration potential of Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonate of the Arabian Gulf. AAPG Bulletin, 1995,79(4):531-550.
[31] CHAMPAGNE J, DURLET C, GRéLAUD C , et al. Unconformities in the Cenomanian Turonian carbonate platform of the Middle East: Diagenetic patterns and impact on reservoir properties examples from Mishrif and Natih Formations. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, 2012,57:85-93.
[32] MAHDI T A, AQRAWI A A, HORBURY A D , et al. Sedimentological characterization of the mid-Cretaceous Mishrif reservoir in southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq. Geoarabia, 2013,18(1):139-174.
[33] MAHDI T A, AQRAWI A A . Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the mid-Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2014,37(3):287-312.
[34] XIAO D, ZHANG B J, TAN X C , et al. Discovery of a shoal-controlled karst dolomite reservoir in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation, northwestern Sichuan Basin, Southwest China. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2018,36(4):686-704.
[35] XIAO D, TAN X C, XI A H , et al. An inland facies-controlled eogenetic karst of the carbonate reservoir in the Middle Permian Maokou Formation, southern Sichuan Basin, SW China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016,72:218-233.
[36] SONG Xinmin, LI Yong . Optimum development options and strategies for water injection development of carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(4):679-689.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

Copyright © Petroleum Exploration and Development
Address:P. O. Box 910, No.20 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd.