Introduction
1. Connotation of carbon neutrality “super energy system”
Fig. 1. Frame diagram of the super energy system and energy industry transformation. |
Fig. 2. Evolution of energy generation forms and energy utilization forms [15]. |
2. Connotation of carbon neutrality “super energy basin”
2.1. Traditional super oil and gas basins
2.2. New carbon neutrality “super energy basin”
3. Favorable conditions for building a carbon neutrality “super energy system” in the Ordos Basin
3.1. Obvious location advantages
3.2. Strong resources basis
3.3. National encouraging the integrated development of exploration and development of petroleum and new energy
3.4. “Four advantages” of CNPC in developing new energy
3.5. CNPC qualified with foundation and demands to lead the construction of carbon neutrality “super energy basin”
4. Strategic conception of building carbon neutrality “super energy basin” in the Ordos Basin
4.1. Demonstration significance of carbon neutrality “super energy basin”
4.1.1. Further enhancing the capacity of fossil energy production to ensure supply
Fig. 3. Histogram of oil and gas production in major onshore basins in China, 2022. |
Fig. 4. Potential forecast of proved technically recoverable reserves. |
4.1.2. Boosting the achievement of the “dual carbon” goal by CCUS/CCS
Table 1. Carbon emissions structure of primary energy production in China [37] |
Energy type | Percentage of total carbon emissions/% | Structure of carbon emissions | |
---|---|---|---|
Energy | Percentage/% | ||
Fossil energy | 83.6 | Coal | 56.7 |
oil | 18.9 | ||
Natural gas | 8.0 | ||
Non- fossil energy | 16.4 | Water power | 9.1 |
Wind power | 3.1 | ||
Nuclear power | 2.4 | ||
Photovoltaic | 1.8 |
Table 2. Calculation of carbon emissions related to main energy production in the Ordos Basin |
Item | Yield/104 t | Emission factor | Carbon emissions/104 t |
---|---|---|---|
Oil | 3 763 | 0.172 800 | 650.25 |
Natural gas | 694 | 1.144 300 | 794.14 |
Coal | 155 900 | 0.007 794 | 1 215.08 |
Coal chemical | 6 917.00 | ||
Petrochemical | 493.00 | ||
Total | 10 069.47 |
Note: The emissions factor of coal only considers the CO2 emissions in the process of energy exploitation; coal chemical projects mainly include Ningdong, Yuheng and Yushen Industrial parks with data from the CCUS oilfield planning materials of Changqing Oilfield [38]; CNPC Petrochemical Company at Changqing, Qingyang and Ningxia emit a total of 493×104 t. |
4.1.3. Promoting the construction of the system of modern energy industry
4.1.4. Promoting regional green and sustainable development
4.2. Strategic construction idea and goal of the conception
Table 3. Preliminary prediction of construction target of carbon neutrality demonstration zone in the Ordos Super Basin |
Years | Sum of energy production | CCUS/CCS | Storage and transportation system | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coal production/108 t | Oil production/ 104 t | Natural gas production/108 m3 | Installed capacity of new energy/104 kW | Power generation capacity of new energy/ (108 kW·h) | Total standard coal/ 108 t | CCUS injection/ 104 t | CCS injection/ 104 t | Sum/ 104 t | Effective working gas volume of gas storage/108 m3 | |
2021 | 14 | 3 709 | 633 | 11.7 | 320 | 320 | 30 | |||
2025 | 13 | 3 981 | 682 | 3 000 | 540 | 11.3 | 320 | 320 | 30 | |
2030 | 11 | 4 000 | 800 | 10 000 | 1 800 | 10.4 | 1 000 | 100 | 1 100 | 50 |
2035 | 9 | 3 500 | 1 000 | 30 000 | 5 400 | 10.2 | 3 000 | 2 000 | 5 000 | 80 |
2050 | 7 | 3 000 | 1 000 | 60 000 | 10 800 | 10.1 | 5 000 | 5 000 | 10 000 | 200 |
4.3. Strategic layout of the “Five Major Projects”
4.3.1. 10×108 t level project of clean coal production and utilization
Fig. 5. Coal production of major cities in the Ordos Basin (according to the statistics bureau of each city). |
4.3.2. 1×108 t level project of green petroleum production
Fig. 6. Annual oil production in the Ordos Basin. |
Fig. 7. Annual natural gas production in the Ordos Basin. |
4.3.3. 1×108 kW level project of wind power and photovoltaic development and utilization
4.3.4. 1×108 t level project of CCUS/CCS industrialization demonstration
4.3.5. Construction project of strategic energy reserve and regulation hub
4.4. Exploration and development concept and model of carbon neutrality “super energy basin”
Fig. 8. Energy utilization in a carbon neutrality “super energy basin” [11]. |