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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.20240084

Sedimentation, diagenesis and favorable reservoir distribution in semi-restricted carbonate ramp setting: A case study of Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation in Oilfield A, Central Arabian Basin

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  • 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. CNPC R&D (DIFC) Company Limited, Dubai 415747, United Arab Emirates

Received date: 2024-02-01

  Revised date: 2024-07-29

  Online published: 2024-09-18

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Abstract

Based on the core, cast thin section, CT, loggings, test and seismic data, the sedimentary-diagenetic characteristics and controls on favorable reservoirs in semi-restricted carbonate ramp setting were elucidated, through a case study of the Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation in Oilfield A of the Central Arabian Basin. During the Early Cretaceous, the study area was a carbonate ramp in semi-restricted environment, where low- to medium-energy shallow-water lithofacies were common, and the depositional facies were dominated by large-scale lagoon, locally with grain shoal, point reef, back shoal and tidal flat. Bioclastics were diverse, with algae, benthic foraminifera, bivalve, bacinella, and peloids being the most abundant. The Yamama Formation in the study area underwent intense diagenesis during the penecontemporaneous stage, with cementation and dissolution coupled to control the formation and preservation of secondary pores. The reservoirs in the Yamama Formation are composed of packstone, wackstone and bindstone, indicative of frequently varying lithology with poor lateral correlatability. The reservoirs are porous, dominated by micropores, moldic pores, and skeletal pores, with a low abundance of primary intergranular pores, and the pore throats dominated by medium- and micro-throats. The physical properties generally exhibit low to medium porosity, and low to ultra-low permeability. The medium-high permeability reservoirs are underdeveloped. Favorable reservoirs in the Yamama Formation are controlled by local high-energy sedimentation, soluble bioclastic enrichment, intense dissolution, and abnormal-high pressure. Local high-energy grain shoals contain well-preserved primary intergranular pores with no intense cementation, forming small-scale favorable reservoirs. In contrast, low- to medium-energy facies such as lagoon and back shoal are locally rich in soluble bioclastics such as algae and bacinella. The bioclastics were intensely dissolved, forming a large number of moldic or skeletal pores, which effectively improved the reservoir physical properties, thus facilitating the formation of large-scale favorable reservoirs. The favorable reservoirs of Yamama Formation are mainly discovered in YA and YB sections, and large-scale reservoirs thereof are located in the central-northern part of the study area. These represent key targets for subsequent exploration and development.

Key words： Central Arabian Basin; Lower Cretaceous; Yamama Formation; semi-restricted; carbonate ramp; lagoon; carbonate rock; favorable reservoir

Cite this article

WAN Yang, LI Fengfeng, REN Lixin, GUO Rui, XU Ning, POPPELREITER Michael, GOMES Jorge Costa, LI Lei . Sedimentation, diagenesis and favorable reservoir distribution in semi-restricted carbonate ramp setting: A case study of Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation in Oilfield A, Central Arabian Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 0 : 20260223 -20260223 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.20240084

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