Petroleum Exploration and Development >

0 20241202 - 20241202

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.20240202

Characteristics and hydrocarbon significances of paleo-bay in fourth member of Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation, western Sichuan Basin, SW China

Expand
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China;
    2. Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China;
    3. PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, China;
    4. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received date: 2024-03-29

  Revised date: 2024-10-10

  Online published: 2024-10-31

Fold

Abstract

The depositional facies types of the fourth member of the Middle Triassic Leokoupo Formation (Lei-4 Member) in western Sichuan Basin are examined through the methods of sedimentology, lithology and the mineral composition interpretation, as well as the special lithofacies indicators such as microbialite, anhydrite-halite succession and tempestites, using the data of about 400 boreholes and 11 outcrop sections. The distribution evolution characteristics and its hydrocarbon significances of the paleo-bay facies have been discussed further. The Lei-4 Member in western Sichuan Basin has an ocean-bay-flat depositional model, with the presence of evaporated tidal flat, restricted tidal flat and paleo-bay facies from east to west. The subfacies such as bay margin, subtidal bay and bay slope are recognized within the paleo-bay, with microbial reef and grain bank microfacies in the bay margin, microbial dolomitic flat, deep-water spongy reef and hydrostatic mudstone microfacies in the subtidal bay, and tempestites and collapsed deposits in the upper bay slope. The bay margin covered the Guangyuan-Zitong-Dujiangyan area in the period of the first submember of the Lei-4 Member (Lei-4-1), regressed westward into the Shangsi-Jiangyou-Dujiangyan area in the period of Lei-4-2, and expanded to the Jiange-Zitong-Langzhong-Wusheng-Yanting-Chengdu area in the northern part of central Sichuan Basin in the period of Lei-4-3 along with a small-scale transgression. The topographic pattern of “one high and two lows” is confirmed in the Lei-4 Member, corresponding to a configuration of source rocks and reservoir rocks that are alternated horizontally and superimposed vertically. Two efficient source-reservoir configuration models, i.e. side source & side reservoir, and self-generating & self-storing, are available with the microbial reef and grain bank reservoirs at the bay margin and the high-quality source rocks within the sags on both sides of the bay. The research findings will inevitably open up a new situation for the hydrocarbon exploration in the Leikoupo Formation.

Key words： western Sichuan Basin; Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation; ocean-bay-flat depositional model; paleo-bay; hydrocarbon significance

Cite this article

SONG Jinmin, LIU Shugen, LI Zhiwu, XIA Shun, FENG Yuxiang, YANG Di, YE Yuehao, SHAO Xingpeng, WANG Bin, WANG Jiarui, JIN Xin, REN Shan, YANG Shaohai, LUO Ping . Characteristics and hydrocarbon significances of paleo-bay in fourth member of Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation, western Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 0 : 20241202 -20241202 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.20240202

References

[1] 刘树根, 孙玮, 宋金民, 等. 四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组天然气勘探的关键地质问题[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30(2): 151-167.
LIU Shugen, SUN Wei, SONG Jinmin, et al.The key geological problems of natural gas exploration in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019, 30(2): 151-167.
[2] 杨雨, 谢继容, 张建勇, 等. 四川盆地中部中三叠统雷三2亚段非常规储层特征及勘探潜力[J]. 天然气工业, 2022, 42(12): 12-22.
YANG Yu, XIE Jirong, ZHANG Jianyong, et al.Characteristics and exploration potential of unconventional Middle Triassic Lei32 reservoirs in the central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(12): 12-22.
[3] 汪泽成, 辛勇光, 谢武仁, 等. 川中地区三叠系雷口坡组泥灰岩油气地质特征及充探1井发现意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2023, 50(5): 950-961.
WANG Zecheng, XIN Yongguang, XIE Wuren, et al.Petroleum geology of marl in Triassic Leikoupo Formation and discovery significance of Well Chongtan1 in central Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023, 50(5): 950-961.
[4] 宋晓波, 隆轲, 王琼仙, 等. 川西地区中三叠统雷口坡组四段上亚段沉积特征[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(6): 976-985.
SONG Xiaobo, LONG Ke, WANG Qiongxian, et al.Sedimentary characteristics of the upper part of the fourth member of Leikoupo Formation of Middle Triassic in western Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2021, 43(6): 976-985.
[5] 赵聪, 刘树根, 宋金民, 等. 川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段风暴岩特征及地质意义[J]. 沉积学报, 2019, 37(1): 94-103.
ZHAO Cong, LIU Shugen, SONG Jinmin, et al.Sedimentary characteristics and geological significance of tempestites in the fourth member of the Leikoupo Formation at the Hanwang section, western Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2019, 37(1): 94-103.
[6] 冯宇翔, 宋金民, 刘树根, 等. 川西地区雷口坡组风暴沉积特征及其地质意义[J]. 沉积学报, 2023, 41(3): 661-672.
FENG Yuxiang, SONG Jinmin, LIU Shugen, et al.Sedimentary characteristics and geological significance of tempestites in the Leikoupo Formation, western Sichuan basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2023, 41(3): 661-672.
[7] 刘树根, 宋金民, 罗平, 等. 四川盆地深层微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征及其油气勘探前景[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 43(2): 129-152.
LIU Shugen, SONG Jinmin, LUO Ping, et al.Characteristics of microbial carbonate reservoir and its hydrocarbon exploring outlook in the Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2016, 43(2): 129-152.
[8] SONG J M, LIU S G, LI Z W, et al.Porosity in microbial carbonate reservoirs in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation (Anisian Stage), Sichuan Basin, China[M]//MCNEILL D F, HARRIS P (Mitch), RANKEY E C, et al. Carbonate Pore Systems: New Developments and Case Studies. Broken Arrow: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2019: 5-23.
[9] WANG H, YONG Z Q, SONG J M, et al.Microbialite textures and their geochemical characteristics of Middle Triassic dolomites, Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Processes, 2023, 11(5): 1541.
[10] MENG Q R, WANG E, HU J M.Mesozoic sedimentary evolution of the northwest Sichuan Basin: Implication for continued clockwise rotation of the South China block[J]. GSA Bulletin, 2005, 117(3/4): 396-410.
[11] 李江海, 李维波, 王洪浩, 等. 晚古生代泛大陆聚合过程中板块碰撞的运动学分析[J]. 地质论评, 2013, 59(6): 1047-1059.
LI Jianghai, LI Weibo, WANG Honghao, et al.Kinematic analysis of plate collision during the assembly of Pangea in Late Paleozoic[J]. Geological Review, 2013, 59(6): 1047-1059.
[12] 徐康, 宫晗凝. 四川盆地雷口坡组岩相古地理特征及有利储集相带[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(4): 841-855.
XU Kang, GONG Hanning.Lithofacies palaeogeographic characteristics and favorable reservoir facies of the Leikoupo Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2023, 25(4): 841-855.
[13] 刘树根, 邓宾, 李智武, 等. 盆山结构与油气分布: 以四川盆地为例[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(3): 621-635.
LIU Shugen, DENG Bin, LI Zhiwu, et al.The texture of sedimentary basin-orogenic belt system and its influence on oil/gas distribution: A case study from Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(3): 621-635.
[14] 何利, 刘建清, 隆轲, 等. 川西北地区中三叠统雷口坡组沉积相再认识[J]. 海相油气地质, 2023, 28(4): 371-380.
HE Li, LIU Jianqing, LONG Ke, et al.New understanding of sedimentary facies of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2023, 28(4): 371-380.
[15] 牛新生. 松潘地区三叠纪异地碳酸盐岩块体和碳酸碎屑流及其古地理意义[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2009.
NIU Xinsheng.Triassic allochthonous carbonate blocks and carbonate debris flows in Songpan area and its palaeogeographical implications[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2009.
[16] 李智武, 刘树根, 陈洪德, 等. 川西坳陷复合-联合构造及其对油气的控制[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2011, 38(5): 538-551.
LI Zhiwu, LIU Shugen, CHEN Hongde, et al.Structural superimposition and conjunction and its effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Western Sichuan Depression[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(5): 538-551.
[17] 彭博, 李国蓉, 沈忠民, 等. 川北中三叠统层序-沉积特征及演化[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 41(1): 61-67.
PENG Bo, LI Guorong, SHEN Zhongmin, et al.Sequence deposition characteristics and evolution of Middle Triassic Series in North Sichuan, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2014, 41(1): 61-67.
[18] RIDING R.Classification of microbial carbonates[M]//RIDING R. Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites. Berlin: Springer, 1991: 21-51.
[19] HARRIS P M (Mitch), ELLIS J, PURKIS S J. Assessing the extent of carbonate deposition in early rift settings[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2013, 97(1): 27-60.
[20] 张本健, 孙豪飞, 罗强, 等. 川中雷口坡组台地潟湖相烃源岩地球化学特征及油气来源[J]. 天然气工业, 2023, 43(6): 15-29.
ZHANG Benjian, SUN Haofei, LUO Qiang, et al.Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon origin of Leikoupo Formation platform lagoon facies shale in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2023, 43(6): 15-29.
[21] 辛勇光, 文龙, 张豪, 等. 四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组储层特征与勘探领域探讨[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2022, 27(4): 91-102.
XIN Yongguang, WEN Long, ZHANG Hao, et al.Study on reservoir characteristics and exploration field of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in Sichuan Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2022, 27(4): 91-102.
[22] 石书缘, 胡素云, 刘伟, 等. 深层古老碳酸盐岩-膏盐岩组合油气成藏特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2024, 51(1): 48-61.
SHI Shuyuan, HU Suyun, LIU Wei, et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation in deep ancient carbonate-evaporite assemblages[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2024, 51(1): 48-61.
[23] 乔占峰, 于洲, 佘敏, 等. 中国古老超深层海相碳酸盐岩储集层成因研究新进展[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(6): 1257-1276.
QIAO Zhanfeng, YU Zhou, SHE Min, et al.Progresses on ancient ultra-deeply buried marine carbonate reservoir in China[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2023, 25(6): 1257-1276.
[24] 安振振, 李广雪, 丁咚, 等. 台湾东北部古海湾沉积特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2018, 38(2): 38-51.
AN Zhenzhen, LI Guangxue, DING Dong, et al.Depositional characteristics of the paleo-gulf off northeastern Taiwan since the Last Glacial Maximum[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2018, 38(2): 38-51.
[25] SOLARI M A, HERVÉ F, LE ROUX J P, et al. Paleoclimatic significance of lacustrine microbialites: A stable isotope case study of two lakes at Torres del Paine, southern Chile[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2010, 297(1): 70-82.
[26] YANG M L, YU X Y, ZHU D C, et al.Depositional framework and reservoir characteristics of microbial carbonates in the fourth member of the middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation, western Sichuan Basin, South China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023, 150: 106113.
[27] 李国辉, 杨光, 李莉, 等. 四川盆地西北缘天井山古隆起的形成与演化[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2018, 41(4): 1-7.
LI Guohui, YANG Guang, LI Li, et al.Formation and evolution of Tianjingshan paleo-uplift, northwestern margin of Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2018, 41(4): 1-7.
[28] 杨婉舒, 熊昕, 席党鹏, 等. 乌恰县贝壳山: 塔里木盆地西部沧海桑田的见证者[J]. 自然杂志, 2023, 45(2): 148-154.
YANG Wanshu, XIONG Xin, XI Dangpeng, et al.The transition from sea to land of the western Tarim Basin: Evidence from shell mountain of Wuqia County[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2023, 45(2): 148-154.
[29] 吴小奇, 陈迎宾, 翟常博, 等. 川西坳陷中三叠统雷口坡组天然气气源对比[J]. 石油学报, 2020, 41(8): 918-927.
WU Xiaoqi, CHEN Yingbin, ZHAI Changbo, et al.Gas-source correlation of natural gas in the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the western Sichuan depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(8): 918-927.
[30] 缪九军, 吴小奇, 宋晓波, 等. 海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩有效性探讨: 以川西坳陷中三叠统雷口坡组为例[J]. 石油实验地质, 2022, 44(2): 241-250.
MIAO Jiujun, WU Xiaoqi, SONG Xiaobo, et al.Effectiveness of marine carbonate source rocks: A case study of Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in Western Sichuan Depression[J]. Petroleum Geology and Experiment, 2022, 44(2): 241-250.
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉

Copyright © Petroleum Exploration and Development
Address:P. O. Box 910, No.20 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co. Ltd.