Petroleum Exploration and Development >
Geological conditions, reservoir evolution and favorable exploration directions of marine ultra-deep oil and gas in China
Received date: 2020-03-06
Revised date: 2021-01-06
Online published: 2021-02-07
Supported by
National Key R&D Program(2017YFC0603106)
By analyzing the structural background, petroleum geological conditions, and typical regional (paleo) oil and gas reservoirs in marine ultra-deep oil and gas regions in China, this paper reveals the evolution processes of the marine ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs and the key controlling factors of accumulation. The marine ultra-deep oil and gas resources in China are buried at depth of greater than 6000 m, and are mainly distributed in the Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic strata in the Sichuan, Tarim and Ordos cratonic basins. The development of marine ultra-deep source rocks in China is controlled by cratonic rifts and cratonic depressions with the background of global supercontinent breakup-convergence cycles. The source rocks in Sichuan Basin have the most developed strata, followed by Tarim Basin, and the development strata and scale of Ordos Basin needs to be further confirmed. The marine ultra-deep reservoir in China is dominated by carbonate rocks, and the reservoir performance is controlled by high-energy sedimentary environment in the early stage, superimposed corrosion and fracture in the later stage. The regional caprocks are dominated by gypsum salt rocks, shale, and tight carbonate rock. The ultra-deep oil and gas fields in China have generally experienced two stages of oil-reservoir forming, cracking (or partial cracking) of paleo-oil reservoirs, and late finalization of cracked gas (or highly mature to over mature oil and gas). The oil and gas accumulation is controlled by static and dynamic geological elements jointly. Major hydrocarbon generation center, high quality and large-scale reservoir resulted from karstification of high energy facies belt, thick gypsum rock or shale caprock, and stable trapping and preservation conditions are the key factors for accumulation of ultra-deep oil and gas. We propose three favorable exploration directions, i.e. the areas around intracratonic rift and intracratonic depression, and craton margin.
Jianzhong LI , Xiaowan TAO , Bin BAI , Shipeng HUANG , Qingchun JIANG , Zhenyu ZHAO , Yanyan CHEN , Debo MA , Liping ZHANG , Ningxi LI , Wei SONG . Geological conditions, reservoir evolution and favorable exploration directions of marine ultra-deep oil and gas in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021 , 48(1) : 60 -79 . DOI: 10.1016/S1876-3804(21)60005-8
| [1] | TENG Jiwen, YANG Hui. Deep physical and a dynamical process for the formation and accumulation of oil and gas reservoirsin the second deep space (5000-1000m). Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2013,56(12):4164-4188. |
| [2] | SUN Longde, ZOU Caineng, ZHU Rukai, et al. Formation, distribution and potential of deep hydrocarbon resources in China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013,40(6):641-649. |
| [3] | MA Yongsheng, CAI Xunyu, ZHAO Peirong. The research status and advances in porosity evolution and diagenesis of deep carbonate reservoir. Earth Science Frontiers, 2011,18(4):181-192. |
| [4] | ZHAO Wenzhi, HU Suyun, LIU Wei, et al. Petroleum geological features and exploration prospect in deep marine carbonate strata onshaore China: A further discussion. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(4):1-9. |
| [5] | BAI Guoping, CAO Binfeng. Characteristics and distribution patterns of deep petroleum accumulations in the world. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014,35(1):19-25. |
| [6] | DYMAN T S, CROVELLI R A, BARTBERGER C E, et al. Worldwide estimates of deep natural gas resources based on the U.S. Natural Resources Research, 2002,11(3):207-218. |
| [7] | LI Jian, SHE Yuanqi, GAO Yang, et al. Onshore deep and ultra-deep natural gas exploration fields and potentials in China. China Petroleum Exploration, 2019,24(4):403-417. |
| [8] | DAI Jinxing, NI Yunyan, QIN Shengfei, et al. Geochemical characteristics of ultra-deep natural gas in the Sichuan Basin, SW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018,45(4):588-597. |
| [9] | JIA Chengzao, PANG Xiongqi. Research processes and main development directions of deep hydrocarbon geological theories. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015,36(12):1457-1469. |
| [10] | GUAN Shuwei, WU Lin, REN Rong, et al. Distribution and petroleum prospect of Precambrian rifts in the main cratons, China. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017,38(1):9-22. |
| [11] | ZHAO Wenzhi, WANG Xiaomei, HU Suyun, et al. Hydrocarbon generation characteristics and exploration prospects of Proterozoic source rocks in China. SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, 2019,62(6):909-934. |
| [12] | ZHAI Mingguo. Tectonic evolution of the North China Craton. Journal of Geomechanics, 2019,25(5):722-745. |
| [13] | LU Songnian, LI Huaikun, CHEN Zhihong, et al. Relationship between Neoproterozoic cratons of China and the Rodinia. Earth Science Frontiers, 2004,11(2):515-523. |
| [14] | JIA Chengzao, LI Benliang, ZHANG Xingyang, et al. Formation and evolution of marine basins in China. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007,52(S1):1-8. |
| [15] | SHEN Anjiang, ZHAO Wenzhi, HU Anping, et al. Major factors controlling the development of marine carbonate reservoirs. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015,42(5):545-554. |
| [16] | ZOU Caineng, DU Jinhu, XU Chunchun, et al. Formation, distribution, resource potential and discovery of the Sinian- Cambrian giant gas field, Sichuan Basin, SW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014,14(3):278-293. |
| [17] | MA Xinhua, YANG Yu, WEN Long, et al. Distribution and exploration direction of medium- and large-sized marine carbonate gas fields in Sichuan Basin, SW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019,46(1):1-13. |
| [18] | ZHAO Luzi, WANG Zecheng, YANG Yu, et al. Important discovery in the second member of Dengying Formation in Well Pengtan1 and its significance, Sichuan Basin]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2020,25(3):1-12. |
| [19] | DU Jinhu, WANG Zecheng, ZOU Caineng, et al. Geologic theory and exploration practice of ancient large carbonate gas field. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2015. |
| [20] | DU Jinhu, ZOU Caineng, XU Chunchun, et al. Theoretical and technical innovations in strategic discovery of a giant gas field in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of central Sichuan paleo-uplift, Sichuan Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014,41(3):268-277. |
| [21] | XU Chunchun, SHEN Ping, YANG Yueming, et al. Accumulation conditions and enrichment patterns of natural gas in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs of the Leshan-Longnüsi Paleohigh, Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(3):1-7. |
| [22] | WEI Guoqi, XIE Zengye, SONG Jiarong, et al. Features and origin of natural gas in the Sinian-Cambrian of central Sichuan paleo-uplift, Sichuan Basin, SW China. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015,42(6):702-711. |
| [23] | HAO Bin, ZHAO Wenzhi, HU Suyun, et al. Bitumen genesis and hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Central Sichuan Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017,38(8):863-875. |
| [24] | ZHANG Boyuan. The formation and evolution of solid bitumen in the Anyue gas field of the Sichuan Basin. Beijing: China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 2018. |
| [25] | QIN Shengfei, ZHOU Guoxiao, LI Wei, et al. Geochemical evidence of water-soluble gas accumulation in the Weiyuan Gas Field, Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 2016,36(1):43-51. |
| [26] | SHUAI Yanhua, ZHANG Shuichang, HU Guoyi, et al. Thermochemical sulphate reduction of Sinian and Cambrian natural gases in the Gaoshiti-Moxi Area, Sichuan Basin and its enlightment for gas sources. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2019,93(7):1754-1766. |
| [27] | WANG Shufang, ZHAO Wenzhi, ZOU Caineng, et al. Organic carbon and stable C-O isotopic study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation black shales in Sichuan Basin, SW China: Paleoenvironmental and shale gas implications. Energy Exploration & Exploitation, 2015,33(3):439-458. |
| [28] | PETERS K E, MOLDOWAN J M. The biomarker guide interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993. |
| [29] | CHEN Z H, SIMONEIT B R, WANG T G, et al. Biomarker signatures of Sinian bitumens in the Moxi-Gaoshiti Bulge of Sichuan Basin, China: Geological significance for paleo-oil reservoirs. Precambrian Research, 2017,296:1-19. |
| [30] | WEI Guoqi, XIE Zengye, BAI Guilin, et al. Organic geochemical characteristics and origin of natural gas in the Sinian-Lower Paleozoic reservoirs, Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Industry, 2014,34(3):44-49. |
| [31] | WANG Zhaoming, XIAO Zhongyao. A review of the oil-source rocks for marine oil in Tarim Basin. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004,49(S1):1-8. |
| [32] | HUANG H P, ZHANG S C, SU J. Palaeozoic oil source correlation in the Tarim Basin, NW China: A review. Organic Geochemistry, 2016,94:32-46. |
| [33] | WANG Feiyu, DU Zhili, ZHANG Baomin, et al. Geochemistry of Salgan black shales of Middle-Upper Ordovician in Keping Outcrop, Tarim Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008,29(6):687-689. |
| [34] | CHEN Xu, ZHANG Yuandong, LI Yue, et al. Biostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician black shales in Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions. SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences, 2012,55(8):1230-1237. |
| [35] | LIU Wenhui. Study on the dating technology of marine oil and gas accumulation. Beijing: The 6th Annual Meeting of Petroleum Geology of China, 2015. |
| [36] | CHEN Honghan, WU You, FENG Yong, et al. Timing and chronology of hydrocarbon charging in the Ordovician of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, NW China. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014,35(6):806-818. |
| [37] | SONG Dandan. Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics for Silurian Reservoirs in Shuntuoguole Low Uplift, Tarim Basin. Beijing: China University of Petroleum (Beijing), 2016: 31-37. |
| [38] | FENG Xingqiang, ZHANG Zhongmin, ZHANG Weibiao. Petroleum accumulation characteristics and favorable exploration target of Silurian in Tahe Oilfield. Geoscience, 2013,27(1):180-185. |
| [39] | GE Xiang. Rhenium-Osmium geochronology and geochemistry of marine petroleum systems, China. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 2017: 41. |
| [40] | ZHAO Jingzhou. Timing marine petroleum accumulation in the Tarim Basin by oil/gas-water contact retrospecting. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2001,28(4):53-56. |
| [41] | ZHAO Jingzhou, LI Qiming. Accumulation stages and accumulation process of marine hydrocarbon pools in the cratonic areas of Tarim Basin. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2002,47(S1):116-121. |
| [42] | SU Jin, ZHANG Shuichang, YANG Haijun, et al. Evidence of the organic geochemistry and petrology for the adjustment process of primary reservoir: Insight into the adjustment mechanism of Hadexun oil field visa Xiang-3 Well. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2010,27(6):1886-1898. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |